What is Provigil

Provigil is the brand version of the medication Modafinil. It helps to promote wakefulness and is used to manage higher daytime sleepiness caused by narcolepsy, OSA (obstructive sleep apnea), or SWS (shift work sleep) disorder.

This medication doesn’t alleviate the underlying disorder, it only helps to make individuals feel more cautious. Provigil doesn’t replace other treatments for OSA or narcolepsy. These need to be continued while you are using this medication.

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Mechanism of action of Provigil

Although the exact mode of action of Provigil (modafinil) is unknown, it is thought to function by interacting intricately with several neurotransmitter systems in the brain, mainly by inhibiting the dopamine transporter (DAT) weakly but selectively.

Increased extracellular dopamine levels in particular brain regions result from this activity, which encourages wakefulness.

Here are the major aspects of its mechanism-

Reuptake Inhibition of Dopamine- This medication inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and enhances its concentration outside neurons, which is actually considered effective for promoting wakefulness.

Hypothalamic Activation- It helps to activate the centers of wakefulness in the hypothalamus and stimulates indirectly neurons that release hypocretin/orexin and histamine which is vital for arousal.

Changes of other Neurotransmitters- This medication also impacts other neurotransmitters that contributes to its impacts-

• Increases the levels of norepinephrine
• Lowers GABA levels and lowers inhibitory signals
• Enhances the levels of glutamate
• Modulates serotonin levels

Modafinil generally activates particular wakefulness areas in the brain the same as traditional stimulants. Compared to traditional stimulants, this selective effect may contribute to a lesser propensity for misuse and less disturbance of regular sleep.

Active and Inactive ingredients of Provigil

Active Ingredient- Modafinil

Inactive Ingredients

• Microcrystalline cellulose
• Lactose monohydrate
• Croscarmellose sodium
• Pregelatinized starch
• Magnesium stearate
• Povidone

Before buying Provigil online, ensure that you don’t have any allergy to any of its components.

History And FDA Status of Provigil

History

Development in France- Modafinil (active ingredient) was recognized in the 1970s as an active metabolite of the compound adrafinil (which got approval in France in 1981). Lafon Laboratories and Michel Jouvet (Neurophysiology professor) were instrumental in its primary clinical testing and development.

Early Usage- This medication was initially prescribed to manage narcolepsy in 1983 and got official registration for the management of narcolepsy in France in 1992 and became available commercially in 1994. The French military also used this medication in the Gulf War in 1991.

US Development- In late 1996, Cephalon Inc. filed a New Drug Application with the FDA after obtaining a license for modafinil in the US in 1993.

FDA scheduling and approval

December 24, 1998- The food and drug administration granted approval to this medication to increase wakefulness in patients suffering from excessive daytime drowsiness linked with narcolepsy.

January 27, 1999- The U.S. DEA categorized Modafinil as a Schedule IV controlled substance because of its possibility for abuse and misuse.

2003- The food and drug administration expanded the approved usages of Provigil to include the management of excessive drowsiness connected with OSA/hypopnea syndrome along with SWD (sleep work sleep disorder).

Colors, Imprints, and other details of Provigil

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Warnings and precautions while using Provigil

You should take this medication the same as instructed by your healthcare expert. If any queries arise in your mind, don’t hesitate to ask your doctor. Do not consume this drug in smaller or higher amounts or for longer than the required period.

Provigil might be addictive. Avoid sharing it with others, mainly someone with a past experience of drug addiction or abuse. Keep medication out of the sight of others. This medication is generally taken 1 time each day.

You should use this medication in the morning after waking up if you face daytime sleepiness associated with OSA or narcolepsy.

Take this medication an hour before beginning work shift if you are using this medication to manage work-time sleep disorders. The pills can be taken with or without meals. It is generally prescribed for 3 months or less.

If you are still facing excessive drowsiness even while using this drug, contact your healthcare expert immediately. If you plan to buy Provigil online, you must follow these instructions to see the benefits.

Possible side effects of Provigil

This medication might cause skin reactions that might be severe enough to require treatment in a hospital. You should stop using this drug and get urgent medical attention if you develop any of the following, whether its appear too minor-

• Jaundice, dark urine
• Swelling of your body parts
• Shortness of breath, fever
• Peeling or blisters, skin hives or rash
• Trouble swallowing, mouth sores

Psychiatric adverse reactions such as insomnia, anxiety, depression, confusion, or agitation, have been noticed in those treated with Provigil. You should stop taking Provigil and contact your healthcare expert immediately if you have-

• Hallucinations, unusual behavior or thoughts
• Depression, anxiety
• Aggression
• Being more talkative or active

The most common side effects may include-

• Feeling anxious or nervous
• Nausea, back pain
• Sleep issues, poor appetite
• A stuffy nose, diarrhea

Less common side effects-

• Reduction in appetite
• Dryness of the skin and the mouth
• Muscle stiffness, heartburn
• Vomiting, sour stomach

These side effects may disappear along with the time as your body gets used to the medication. You need to be cautious if you plan to buy Provigil online.

Dosing details of Provigil

For OSA and narcolepsy- The required dosage of this medication for patients with OSA or narcolepsy is 200 mg taken via mouth once daily as a single dosage in the morning.

When administered as a single dosage, doses up to 400 mg/day have been well tolerated; however, there is no solid proof that this amount offers any advantages over the 200 mg/day dose.

For SWD (Shift Work Disorder)- The required dosage of Provigil for those with shift work disorder is 200 mg taken via mouth once daily as a single dosage almost an hour before beginning their work shift.

Changes in dosage in people with Severe Hepatic Impairment

The Provigil dosage should be decreased to one half of that in those suffering from severe hepatic impairment for patients suffering from normal hepatic function.

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Conclusion

Provigil can be one of the best and helpful medications for those suffering from insomnia. If you are one of them and using this medication the same as instructed, you may get the best possible outcomes from the medication. Provigil is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women as it may cause undesired withdrawal symptoms in a newly born child. We recommend you to take it under the guidance of an experienced healthcare expert. They may suggest to you the proper way of using this medication so that you won’t face any adverse reactions.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

Can I take Provigil with or without meals?

You may take this medication with or without having any meal. If you take it with food, it may delay how much time it functions. Before buying Provigil online, you must consult an experienced healthcare expert.

What are the common side effects of Provigil?

The most common side effects of Provigil may include tremor, anorexia, hypertension, pharyngitis, depression, asthma, and constipation.

Can I consume alcoholic beverages or caffeine while using this medication?

No, you should not consume alcoholic beverages with Provigil as the combination may cause unwanted adverse reactions. Along with this, you should also avoid or limit intake of energy drinks, coffee, tea, and chocolate as it might enhance the possibility of side effects.

Is Provigil addictive?

Yes, this medication comes with the possibility of addiction if you take it for the longer than prescribed duration. If you take it under the supervision of an expert healthcare specialist, you will see positive results.